Speed–Consumption Trade-Off for Electric Vehicle Routing
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چکیده
In the area of route planning for battery-electric vehicles, previous works have focused on finding routes that are optimal regarding energy consumption and/or travel time, only considering a fixed speed level for each road segment, and thus ignoring the staggering energy consumption savings potential attainable through variation of driving speed. While computationally more tractable, the resulting routes often do not meet drivers’ expectations, as for instance reducing speed on the traditionally fastest connection can be preferable to alternative routes that are more economical at maximum speed. In this thesis, we extend methods for solving multi-criterion path problems to take into account different speed levels on each road segment, e.g. considering discrete steps from 90 to 130 km/h on each part of a motorway. Furthermore, we adapt known techniques for speeding up computation, and develop new heuristic approaches to achieve further substantial improvements in running time. Experimental results on the road network of Western Europe show that our methods compute results with a very high degree of accuracy in reasonably practicable time, and underline the importance of speed variation to the trade-off between short travel times and low energy consumption. Deutsche Zusammenfassung Bisherige Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Routenplanung für batterieelektrische Fahrzeuge konzentrieren sich darauf, Routen zu finden, die bezüglich des Energieverbrauchs und/oder der Reisezeit optimal sind, nahmen dabei aber stets fixe Geschwindigkeiten auf jedem Straßenstück an. Damit wurde das enorme Potential bezüglich Verbrauchseinsparungen durch Geschwindigkeitsreduktionen ignoriert oder verkannt. Obgleich algorithmisch einfacher umsetzbar, erfüllen die von diesen Methoden gefundenen Routen oft nicht die Erwartungen von Fahrern, da beispielsweise eine langsamere Fahrgeschwindigkeit auf der klassisch schnellsten Verbindung Alternativrouten mit bei Höchstgeschwindigkeit niedrigerem Energieverbrauch vorzuziehen sein kann. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir Methoden der multikriteriellen Routenplanung derart, dass sie auf jedem Straßenstück verschiedene Fahrgeschwindigkeiten in Betracht ziehen, beispielsweise in diskreten Schritten zwischen 90 und 130 km/h auf jedem Teilstück einer Autobahn. Zudem übertragen aus der Literatur bekannte Techniken zur Beschleunigung der Berechnung, und entwickeln neuartige heuristische Ansätze zur weiteren Laufzeitreduktion. Experimente auf dem Straßennetzwerk Westeuropas belegen, dass unsere Methoden in praktisch durchführbarer Zeit Ergebnisse von sehr hoher Genauigkeit berechnen, und unterstreichen die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung verschiedener Geschwindigkeiten bei der Abwägung zwischen kurzen Reisezeiten und niedrigem Energieverbrauch.
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تاریخ انتشار 2013